Breast
Varian Pharmed
Overview
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the breast tissue, primarily affecting women but also occurring in men. It arises when breast cells undergo mutations, leading to uncontrolled growth and the formation of tumors. After skin cancer, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified:
- Gender: Being female significantly increases risk.
- Age: Risk increases with age, particularly after 50.
- Family History: A family history of breast cancer can elevate risk.
- Genetic Mutations: Changes in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are linked to higher susceptibility.
- Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity can contribute to risk.
Types of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer can be classified into various types based on where it originates:
- Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Begins in the milk ducts and can spread to surrounding tissues.
- Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: Starts in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and may also spread.
- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive form where abnormal cells are confined to the ducts.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of breast cancer include:
- A lump or mass in the breast
- Changes in breast shape or size
- Dimpling or changes in skin texture
- Nipple discharge or inversion
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Mammography: X-ray imaging to detect abnormalities.
- Biopsy: Sampling tissue to determine if cancer is present.
- Ultrasound: Imaging to assess lumps or masses.
Treatment Options
Treatment approaches vary based on the type and stage of cancer and may include:
- Surgery: Lumpectomy or mastectomy to remove tumors.
- Radiation Therapy: Targeted treatment to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment using drugs to eliminate cancer cells.
- Hormonal Therapy: Blocking hormones that fuel certain types of breast cancers.
Prognosis
The prognosis for breast cancer depends on various factors, including the stage at diagnosis and the specific characteristics of the tumor. Early detection through regular screenings significantly improves survival rates. Awareness of risk factors and symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.