acromegaly
Varian Pharmed
Overview
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by the excessive production of growth hormone (GH), typically due to a benign tumor on the pituitary gland known as an adenoma. This condition leads to abnormal growth of bones and tissues, primarily affecting the hands, feet, and face. Acromegaly usually develops in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, and if it occurs before puberty, it is referred to as gigantism.
Symptoms
The symptoms of acromegaly develop gradually and may include:
- Enlarged Hands and Feet: Noticeable changes in ring or shoe size
- Facial Changes: Enlargement of facial features such as the nose, lips, and jaw
- Thickened Skin: Coarse, oily skin with possible skin tags
- Joint Pain: Discomfort and stiffness in joints
- Headaches and Vision Problems: Due to tumor pressure on surrounding tissues
- Sleep Apnea: Breathing interruptions during sleep caused by tissue swelling
Diagnosis
Diagnosis often involves blood tests to measure GH levels, imaging studies like MRI to identify pituitary tumors, and a review of symptoms over time.Â
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to reduce GH levels and may include:
- Surgery: Removal of the pituitary tumor
- Medications: Somatostatin analogs to inhibit GH release
- Radiation Therapy: To shrink tumors if surgery is not feasible
Prognosis
If left untreated, acromegaly can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and increased risk of certain cancers. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can significantly improve quality of life and reduce health risks, often restoring life expectancy to normal levels. Regular monitoring is essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications.