precocious puberty
Varian Pharmed
Overview
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a condition characterized by the early onset of puberty, occurring before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. This condition results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics similar to those seen in normal puberty.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of CPP include:
- In Girls: Breast development, pubic hair growth, rapid height increase, acne, and the onset of menstruation.
- In Boys: Testicular enlargement, growth of pubic and facial hair, deepening voice, and increased muscle development.
Causes
The exact cause of CPP is often unknown, especially in girls, where it is usually idiopathic. In boys, identifiable causes may include brain tumors or other central nervous system abnormalities. Other potential factors can involve infections or trauma to the brain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examinations, hormone level tests (such as LH and FSH), and imaging studies like MRI to rule out underlying causes. A significant indicator is advanced bone age compared to chronological age.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to halt premature sexual development and preserve future height potential. Common approaches include:
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists: These medications effectively suppress hormone production to delay further pubertal changes.
- Addressing Underlying Causes: If a tumor or other issue is identified, appropriate treatment for that condition is necessary
Prognosis
If untreated, CPP can lead to early epiphyseal fusion, resulting in shorter adult height. Additionally, children may experience emotional and social challenges due to their advanced physical development. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing symptoms and promoting healthy growth patterns.